Author: Leo
Key words: nephropathy
Hypokalemia nephropathy is caused by chronic hypokalemia caused by potassium deficiency kidney disease. Various causes of urinary potassium excretion is the most important cause of hypokalemia, collectively referred to as renal hypokalemia. In addition to the performance of patients with hypokalemia, often accompanied by metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis. Hypokalemia with metabolic acidosis when most of the normal blood pressure, metabolic alkalosis associated with hypokalemia patients are mostly high blood pressure.
Hypokalemia nephropathy
Hypokalemia nephropathy is caused by chronic hypokalemia caused by potassium deficiency kidney disease. Various causes of urinary potassium excretion is the most important cause of hypokalemia, collectively referred to as renal hypokalemia. In addition to the performance of patients with hypokalemia, often accompanied by metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis. Hypokalemia with metabolic acidosis when most of the normal blood pressure, metabolic alkalosis associated with hypokalemia patients are mostly high blood pressure.
The causes of hypokalemia are: lack of potassium intake; loss of too much (loss of digestive tract and loss of urine); a variety of diuretics and steroid application; chronic kidney disease, such as renal tubular acidosis, Bartter synthesis Levy, Liddle syndrome, renin-secreting tumor, Cushing's syndrome and hydroxylase deficiency disease. Non-renal hypokalemia potassium excretion did not increase, due to various causes of cell potassium increased, but also one of the common causes of hypokalemia.
The performance of hypokalemia nephropathy is mainly renal tubular dysfunction, mainly to reduce the concentration of the main, manifested as polydipsia, polydipsia, polyuria, nocturia increased, and even renal diabetes insipidus, the vasopressin reaction is not Good; urine associated with a small amount of proteinuria and tube; potassium loss can cause metabolic alkalosis; renal interstitial damage, due to renal tubular acidosis dysfunction and metabolic acidosis. The disease is complicated by pyelonephritis, the clinical manifestations of urinary tract infection; with the progress of the disease gradually appear chronic renal insufficiency. In addition to kidney disease symptoms, the patient's overall performance mainly hypokalemia symptoms, such as limb muscle weakness, intestinal paralysis, soft paralysis, tendon reflexes, arrhythmia and so on.
1. Urine examination
Visible urine protein and tube type, concurrent infection see more white blood cells. Urine dilution test showed decreased concentration of urine, decreased urine specific gravity (phenol red and reduced excretion rate of aminaruturic acid), increased urinary prostaglandin E.
2. Blood test
Early serum creatinine and urea nitrogen can be normal; with the progress of the disease renal failure, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels increased. Characteristics of changes in serum potassium decreased, often accompanied by hypochloremia. Blood gas analysis prompted more metabolic alkalosis.
3. renal biopsy and imaging examination
The characteristic structural changes associated with potassium loss were vacuolar degeneration, renal interstitial inflammation and fibrosis and tubular cystic lesions in the epithelium of the tubules.
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