Author:Leo and Lucy
Keywords: nephropathy
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| From google images |
Kidney medicine doctors and doctors, often with the urine to become "close friends", also known as "urine health is a barometer of the kidney," from the composition of urine analysis, we can know a lot of kidney secret. Today, we want to discuss with you is, on the urine of an important tangible component --- protein basic knowledge.
1, normal urine also has protein
Normal urine, but also excretion of a certain amount of protein, but the amount of little, the total amount of less than 150mg (0.15g), usually 40 ~ 80mg. (1000 mg = 1 g)
Because of the movement, fever, cold and other physiological state of instability, normal people can also have a transient increase in proteinuria excretion, but usually short duration, protein content is small (the total is generally not more than 1g).
Therefore, the occasional urine protein detection slightly abnormal, the doctor will not immediately buckle the "kidney disease" hat, but will ask for a few weeks to re-review.
Multiple urine protein are positive, only consider meaningful.
2, foam urine
Can not be used to diagnose proteinuria
Sometimes, the beginning of the kidney doctor's medical records, will be this: patients, young women, how long to find foam urine, check proteinuria 3 +, and so on ... ...
But please note this but not, it does not mean bubble urine = proteinuria.
Proteinuria foam, there are some special forms of expression: fine, and lingering! How long is it? Had a lot of small proteinuria small partner, secretly told me his observation, a few hours later, not scattered ... ...
Due to high urination, speed, impact, drink less, or because of sexual excitement, making urethral mucus increased, urination may also produce similar "proteinuria", but in fact the bubble under normal circumstances.
In addition to proteinuria, diabetes, urine abnormalities in the urine increased, urinary tract infection is infected with some bacteria, these are not the pathological situation of proteinuria, but also produce a certain amount of foam.
Therefore, when you find yourself in the urine there are many bubbles, the best way to identify is to go to the hospital for urine examination, if you find that urinary protein detection is indeed abnormal, then this situation will need to pay great attention.
And have a small partner of kidney disease, please note that the number of foam urine can not be used to measure the number of proteinuria, the best way or urine examination. Buy a urine test paper at home to measure a test, but also more accurate than to see the bubble.
3, urine plus or minus the description of proteinuria
Not accurate enough
Urine routine is one of the most commonly used urine tests.
Urine routine examination, urine protein can be displayed as: - (negative), ± (trace, weak positive), 1 +, 2 +, 3 +, 4 +.
-: less than 0.15g / L
±: 0.15 g / L
1+: 0.3 / L
2+: 1g / L
3+: 3g / L
4+: 5g / L
However, it should be noted that the urinary protein in urine is usually just a concentration, and can not be very accurate description of the severity of proteinuria, that is, can not be sure that the protein plus the more, proteinuria So much more.
Urine routine proteinuria plus or minus, will be subject to water, sweating, urine and other effects.
Make a simple example: a person in the drink more, how did not sweat, urine a lot of time, then the proteinuria concentration is low, check out the plus sign will be less; and when he drink less, sweating In addition, less urine when the concentration is high, check out the plus sign will be more.
This is why we will see this in the clinical mismatch: some people check urinary routine, although the urine protein 1 +, but the actual than the urine protein 2 + serious, check out the protein quantitative than others.
To know the exact degree of proteinuria, need to check the 24-hour urine protein quantitative, 24-hour quantitative will not be subject to water, sweating, urine volume.
According to the 24-hour proteinuria quantitative results, proteinuria can be divided into: mild, moderate, severe proteinuria.
Mild proteinuria: less than 1g / day (24 hours)
Moderate proteinuria: 1g ~ 3.5g / day
Severe proteinuria: greater than 3.5g / day
4, stay 24 hours urine
Must be complete specimen
Stay 24 hours urine protein quantitative, must be kept accurate, complete, to be able to ensure the accuracy of the results.
The specific way to retain everyone remember the words: stay left without leaving.
If the first 7 o'clock in the morning row of urine, this time the urine do not, after each collection, until the next day at 7 o'clock last time.
Female menstrual period can not stay, can not have stool, tap water, soap bubbles and other pollutants mixed into the urine tank, left urine tank itself must be clean.
Early in the laboratory to take 24 hours to stay in the catheter, and finally stay good urine, before the tube, be sure to mix evenly, record the urine output.
The weather is hot now, but no preservatives are needed (the preservative itself is also toxic).
Room temperature is particularly high, you can put the urine tank on the air conditioning, or cool place, or in the left side of the urine tank can be put a pot of cold water, keep preservatives will not affect the test results. If the road is too hot, you can put a small ice bag in the next.
5, what is microalbuminuria?
Albumin is the most important component of urinary protein.
Microalbuminuria is a case where the amount of albumin is small.
Now clinically, the detection of microalbumin methods are mainly three: urinary albumin creatinine ratio, 24 hours urine (trace) albumin, 8 hours urinary albumin.
If the urinary albumin creatinine ratio range: 30 ~ 300mg / g; or 24 hours urinary albumin in 30 ~ 300mg / day; or 8 hours urinary albumin between 20 ~ 200ug / min, can be called microalbuminuria The
If more than this range, known as dominant proteinuria, that is obvious protein urine meaning.
For patients with hypertension, diabetes, with the extension of the course of the disease, some patients will have kidney problems, and early kidney problems, urinary protein excretion rarely, the general examination, such as urine, is not easy to detect this abnormal protein Happening.
Therefore, the recommendation of high-risk kidney disease, the annual check of microalbumin check, is to find the problem earlier, timely treatment, rather than wait until the obvious proteinuria to know the kidney problems.
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