Treatment and nursing of constipation in patients with dialysis

Author: Leo
Key words: nephropathy

Introduction
Dialysis patients with constipation is not a small problem, should cause patients and health care workers full attention, dialysis and constipation is mutual influence, to develop good bowel habits, the best 1-2 times a day, help to ensure good dialysis adequacy, Improve the quality of life of dialysis patients.
Dialysis crowd constipation and the general population of constipation treatment is still very different, such as the most commonly used to deal with constipation is a large intake of liquid off, for oliguria or anuria dialysis patients fluid overload can lead to edema, Heart failure and pulmonary edema, so dialysis patients are not allowed to increase the amount of liquid to relieve constipation.
Second, often encourage the common constipation crowd to eat high-fiber food methods, is not suitable for dialysis patients. Contains fiber foods are generally fresh fruits, vegetables and bran foods that are rich in potassium and phosphorus in these foods, and excessive use of dialysis patients can occur or aggravate hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia.
Hemodialysis patients with constipation and the occurrence of multiple factors, should be based on their own characteristics from the following aspects to maintain the stool:
1 to relax the mind, adjust the schedule, to develop regular bowel habits is essential. For uremic itself caused by constipation, under the premise of adequate dialysis, to guide the diet program, practice effective defecation movements, the establishment of normal defecation reflex.
2 according to the doctor's request to control dialysis interval weight gain, if constipation should be timely and blood purification center physician communication. For patients with excessive dehydration during dialysis, such as dialysis during the dry mouth, hoarseness, muscle spasms, abdominal pain, inconvenience, hypotension, etc., need to re-evaluate the dry weight, reduce the amount of ultrafiltration.
3 patients with less activity can carry out some suitable for their own aerobic exercise, such as doing gymnastics, playing tai chi, walking, etc., to promote gastrointestinal motility, improve digestive function, special patients can do abdominal exercise and massage.
4 to avoid abuse of laxative drugs, pay attention to the adverse reactions of laxative drugs. At present, laxative drugs can be divided into six categories: fluency laxatives, fecal softeners, fiber supplements, lumps of laxative agents, irritating laxatives, osmotic laxatives, etc., dialysis constipation patients should be under the guidance of doctors, Choose the appropriate laxative drugs, if necessary, but also with the gastrointestinal motility drugs, but should minimize the dependence on drugs.
Dialysis patients can usually use fecal softener, especially for bed rest or sedentary, stool hard knot patients, commonly used drugs are docetyl sodium. Lubricant laxatives, can change the hardness of feces, to prevent intestinal mucosal absorption of water. But long-term use may hinder the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, preferably less or occasionally used, should be taken before going to bed.
Permeability, lubricity, volumetric and irritant laxatives have a long-term use of some adverse reactions. Such as: irritant laxatives, containing anthraquinone glycosides in the intestine by bacteria eventually decomposed into anthrone, anthrone has a strong cytotoxicity, damage the intestinal wall plexus, leading to electrolyte imbalance and colon melanosis. Abuse can produce dependence and resistance, causing laxative constipation.
Permeability laxatives are common sorbitol, polyethylene glycol, lactulose and salt laxative (magnesium), etc., can increase the intestinal osmotic pressure, intestinal water increased, easy to discharge feces.
However, laxatives or laxatives should be used with caution, use, you must monitor the value of the electrolyte, not long-term use. The use of drug enema should also be used with caution and the need to avoid the use of large amounts of saline and water enema, as liquid and saline through the small intestine can cause fluid load and sodium imbalance.

In short, dialysis patients with constipation is not a small problem, should cause patients and health care workers full attention, dialysis and constipation are mutual influence, to develop good bowel habits, the best 1-2 times a day, help to ensure good dialysis To improve the quality of life of dialysis patients.

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Cycling can also cause kidney disease recurrence

Author: Leo
Key words: nephropathy

From google images

Introduction
Said kidney disease combined with work and rest is conducive to the recovery of the disease, but this "labor" but no specific standards, many patients eat a dumb loss. Usually the first should pay attention to rest, serious illness when bed rest, the second note diet, low salt quality protein diet. After the illness can be appropriate exercise. A few days ago back to the hospital to review the old man encountered this situation, the original proteinuria improved very good, but because at home when riding a bike for too long, leading to recurrence.
The elderly are glomerulonephritis, from last year after treatment in our hospital after treatment, protein + -, protein quantification also fell to 0.5g or less. Last year in December came back to review is also very good. It seems that the indicators of the elderly have been kept very well. However, the weather is warmer, the elderly want to activities, can be an activity on the degree.
At that time riding a car home, the old man found the legs and edema, urine bubble is also much more than before, went to the county hospital physical examination found that the protein has become a plus. But the elderly did not panic, the next day directly to our hospital referral.
The old man's condition is not heavy, too timely, urine routine examination, the results show 1 +, after a systematic treatment, proteinuria has been significantly improved the phenomenon. Sports therapy is varied, such as walking, cycling, swimming, jogging, tai chi, gymnastics, martial arts and so on. Nephrotic patients should be moderate intensity of aerobic exercise to improve their cardiovascular function, enhance disease resistance and fatigue resistance, reduce the risk of recurrence of kidney disease. How reasonable distribution of exercise time and intensity, but also patients need to pay attention to the place.

Intuitively, the patient in the course of the movement can speak, but can not sing the song, and accompanied by more serious breathing, indicating that the current is the limit of the movement of patients. Patients should choose according to their own physical fitness, and under the guidance of a doctor, with particular attention to the relationship between exercise and rest, so as to avoid old and worse disease. Chronic nephritis exercise therapy in clinical practice and life mainly in the traditional sports health care methods, the traditional sports health care method is the main feature of static and dynamic combination, emotional dependency, both internally and externally, both physically and mentally.

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Renal function deterioration of the 10 major signals

Author: Leo
Key words: nephropathy

Guidance
Early symptoms of kidney disease is often not obvious, it is easy to be ignored, when patients appear obvious discomfort, often kidney disease has been heavy, and even life-threatening, so we must recognize the following signs of renal function decline, early detection Signs of kidney disease.
1. Lack of heart: kidney function is not good, a lot of waste is difficult to excrete from the urine, there will be lack of energy, fatigue, fatigue and so weak feeling. Kidney disease, protein and other nutrients leak from the kidneys, excreted through the urine, there will be no lack of performance. Some patients will think it is too tired, or other reasons, while ignoring the kidney problem.
2. appetite worse: the patient will appear a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms, especially because of gastrointestinal edema, often do not think of diet, abdominal distension and other symptoms of digestive disorders.
3. Nausea and vomiting When diabetic patients with renal failure, blood urea nitrogen increased intestinal bacteria will be broken down into ammonia ammonia, ammonia can stimulate the gastrointestinal mucosa, causing nausea, vomiting. Combined with the kidneys at this time on the urine of the enrichment function, it will increase the patient's nocturnal urine, and body water at night will be a lot of loss, blood concentration, morning blood urea nitrogen levels are relatively elevated. Therefore, morning when easy to disgust, vomiting increased.
4. urine bubble: there are many reasons for the bubble in the urine, kidney disease can cause this phenomenon. If the protein from the kidney to the urine, the urine will be a lot of foam.
5. Urinary incontinence is normal and healthy people every day the number of urination 4-6 times, urine output of about 800-2000 ml, if the number of urination and urine output too much or too little, we should pay attention.
6. urinary protein and urinary urinary urinary protein or occult blood, kidney is an important sign of disease, urine can be found. But sometimes non-kidney disease professional doctors will ignore this point, it is recommended to find the best doctor for kidney disease consultation.
7. Anemia patients often go to the Department of Hematology. In fact, the kidneys in addition to excretion of waste and other functions, there are secretion of hematopoietic function, but also a major signal of renal damage.
8. Hypertension and hypertension can cause hypertensive nephropathy, also known as hypertensive kidney damage, so people with high blood pressure to pay more attention. Of course, kidney disease can also lead to high blood pressure.
9. Gout hyperuricemia. Gout, hyperuricemia are caused by excessive uric acid in the blood, high blood uric acid, uric acid will be deposited in the kidney, so that impaired renal function.

10. urinary tract infection often urinary tract infection, a long time, may cause renal insufficiency.

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Imagine the gout behind the scenes of the murderer is a sugar drink

Author: Leo
Key words: nephropathy

Guidance
High purine content of food, has been a taboo on the recipe for gout patients. However, studies have shown that simply the level of purine content, to determine the impact of food on gout patients is one-sided, or even wrong.
1
Beans - flat injustice snow, is no longer taboo
Beans, with its higher purine content, has been regarded as a scourge. Accompanied by tofu, soy milk, bean sprouts and other soy products together as a blacklist.
New studies have confirmed that beans and other rich in purine vegetables intake and uric acid concentration has nothing to do!
Injustice for many years, and finally Ping injustice snow, after the gout patients can enjoy a variety of delicious beans and their products friends.
2
Hidden behind the scenes murderer - sugar beverages
Never imagined, purine content of 0 sugar drinks, and the incidence of gout and even!
Several studies have found that sugary drinks will increase the level of uric acid, not only will increase the risk of gout, but also increase the risk of hypertension and diabetes.
In addition to our familiar carbonated drinks, milk tea, etc., there are a lot of green tea, grapefruit tea, herbal tea, fruit juice, children's milk and other cover, but added a lot of sugar drinks, is secretly harm everyone healthy killer!
3
New helper - milk
Fortunately, nature has given us all the weapons of self protection.
Studies have confirmed that milk and its products can prevent the rise of uric acid and gout.
A cup of milk every day, whether for the elderly, children, or gout patients, are worth recommending.
4
Seafood, meat, wine - is still blacklist
Wine, and high purine animal foods have been proven to have a significant effect on uric acid levels.
Beer + barbecue, has always been the cause of acute gout.
In the acute onset of gout, should try to avoid such food.
Usually also through some tips to remove the food purine.
5
To purine technology
Will be sliced ​​or shredded into the boiling water, can effectively remove the purine.

Do not remember, boiled meat with water, to discard, can not drink!

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All control sodium control salt, control phosphorus you will

Author: Leo
Key words: nephropathy

Guidance
Hyperphosphatemia and renal bone disease, is a common complication of kidney disease, affecting the lives of patients with a large number of kidney disease. Dietary control of phosphorus in kidney disease prevention and treatment process is particularly important. It is recommended to choose food from CKD early to reduce phosphorus intake.
✓ theory we all understand, operation is not so simple
In clinical practice and real life, how to guide the patient is very challenging.
Usually ask the patient to understand the phosphorus content in the food, phosphoprotein ratio, etc., to help the food choice. However, often spend a lot of time, the effect is unsatisfactory.
How to quickly and effectively carry out patient education, is a lot of clinical care and nutritionists have been exploring the topic.
✓ New ideas, phosphorus pyramid, help food selection
The Py Pyramid is a visual tool designed to present the phosphoric acid load of various foods and to guide the patient's choice of food.
Pyramid is divided into six layers, taking into account the food phosphorus content, phosphorus protein ratio, phosphorus absorption rate and other factors.
level one
Food containing phosphorus additives
Including cola, processed meats, processed cheeses
Should be avoided as much as possible
Second floor
Phosphorus content is very high food
Including nuts, egg yolk, hard cheese
Suggested no more than 2-3 copies per month
the third floor
Phosphoprotein has a higher proportion of food
Including turkey, internal organs (liver, brain)
And shrimp, squid, salmon and soft cheese
Suggested intake is 1 per week
The fourth floor
Phosphoprotein is relatively low in animal food
Including lamb, rabbit, ham or fish
Suggest no more than 1 per day
Fifth floor
Plant food
Including cereals (white bread, pasta, rice, corn, etc.)
Or beans (peas, beans, soybeans, etc.).
Recommended intake is 2-3 copies per day
The sixth floor
Very low phosphorus content or very low utilization of food
Including vegetables, fruits, sugar, oil, low protein food
Will not affect the blood phosphorus
✓ Phosphorus reduction tips, boiling water boiled
Studies have shown that boiling boil can reduce food in the phosphorus, vegetable phosphorus reduced by 51%, 48% reduction in leguminous phosphorus, meat, phosphorus decreased by 38%.
It is gratifying that the reduction in protein in boiling water is negligible, resulting in lower levels of phosphoprotein than food.
✓ patient education, the effect is remarkable
The effective reduction of serum phosphorus decreased by 0.72 mg / dL after effective intervention, and increased to 1.07 mg / dL when education intervention lasted for more than four months.

Effective patient education is also one of the important means to reduce serum phosphorus levels in patients with nephropathy.

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What water should you drink

Author: Leo
Key words: nephropathy

Guidance
Pure water, alkaline water, oxygen-rich water, in the end what to drink water?
Our circle of friends seems to never lack the rumors about water, from last summer's oxygen-rich water, to the beginning of this year scrubbed weak alkaline water, and recently even advocate pure water will hurt the kidneys, people see the water are heart Fear, I do not know when to drink improperly drink
In fact, not just kidney friends, for most people, boiled water or pure water, is the best choice.
The purpose of drinking water - add water
Market drinking water market is full of exaggerated wind, businesses are strongly advocating their own drinking water cure, longevity, people just around the corner. Under the impact of a big wave of advertising, we are not always forgotten, we drink water, the main purpose is to add water? So, in order to achieve the purpose of adding water, pure water or boiled water is the best choice.
Does pure water damage the kidneys? Nonsense!
Some people think that there is nothing in pure water, less pure water inside the minerals and other impurities, our kidneys do not need these substances excreted, they began to leave, exercise opportunities less, kidney function worse. This view can not afford to scrutinize.
The body has a strong ability to adjust, with the waste is only applicable to the machine without life. In addition, water is not the main source of minerals. We usually from the food obtained calcium, phosphorus, potassium and other minerals mainly in vegetables, fruits, milk and other food, water minerals are minimal, on the body of calcium, phosphorus, potassium and other indicators almost no effect.
Strong ability to adjust - little change in acid and alkali water
See the following picture we have no impression is very deep? Some people claim that the body is weakly alkaline, if you drink acidic water is easy to get sick.
In fact, even if you drink a weak alkaline water, the stomach will be diluted into strong acid acid, this behavior is meaningless. The body of a strong ability to adjust the acidity, or else can drink bottle of water can affect the body's acidity, then eat dumplings dipped in vinegar is not let our body become acidic? Therefore, the acidity of water on the body's impact is minimal, with its concern about the water and acidity, not as good as the next day's diet are not balanced, healthy and unhealthy it.
Oxygen by breathing to obtain, oxygen-rich water in one fell swoop
Last summer, the market appeared a large number of the concept of drinking water with the concept of oxygen, said to drink a bottle is equivalent to walk in the forest for two hours, you can improve immunity, anti-aging effect. But we humans are not fish, is to rely on breathing to get oxygen, by drinking water to obtain oxygen efficiency is very low. And a liter of oxygen in the water is not as much as we smoke a lot of air, spend a lot of money to buy no need, is simply wasted money.
Now you know the kidnappers to drink what water?
Of course, boiled water or pure water!

Under normal circumstances 6-8 cups of water a day more reasonable, excessive drinking water will appear greatly increased urine output, urine output more than 3000ml will greatly increase the burden on the kidneys. Kidney faithful also pay attention to the emergence of oliguria and urinary incontinence when the water intake should be controlled in the previous day's urine output +500 ml, to prevent the serious consequences of heart failure.

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How to treat 5 cases of uremia treatment

Author: Leo
Key words: uremia

Guidance
Uremia is a late manifestation of various kidney diseases, the patient's renal function has been basically lost, and is irreversible, loss of renal function after a variety of metabolic wastes and toxins can not be discharged, the need to replace renal function through treatment in order to survive the patient The So how to treat uremia? What are the treatments?
How is uremia treated?
Hemodialysis
Hemodialysis is the patient's blood and dialysis fluid at the same time into both sides of the dialyzer membrane, through the semipermeable membrane to clear the blood of metabolic waste, correct electrolyte and acid-base imbalance, and remove the body of excess water. Hemodialysis can be part of the replacement of renal function, is currently widely used one of the treatment of uremia.
Attention
Hemodialysis according to the patient, usually 2-3 times a week, each time 4-5 hours, hemodialysis do not need to do their own, to the hospital can be, when the need to do arteriovenous fistula, older patients more vascular conditions Good, not easy to do fistula
Peritoneal dialysis can be their own or family operation, do daily, 3-4 bags per day using liquid, the focus is to prevent infection.
2. Peritoneal dialysis
Application of the human body's peritoneum as a dialysis membrane for blood purification. The dialysate into the patient's abdominal cavity, the blood of toxins and excess water through the peritoneal cavity into the peritoneal dialysate and then excreted. Timing or constantly changing the peritoneal dialysate, to purify the blood of the purpose.
3.Chinese medicine
Chinese medicine including Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy, Oral Chinese Medicine Therapy, Toxin-Removing Therapy, Full Bath Therapy, Moxibustion Therapy, Immunotherapy and other therapies makes use of herbs to treat the patients from root with less side effects. It can help the kidney patients inhibit the cysts in the kidney, drive out the various toxins and wastes, protect the kidney from injuring, enhance immunity and kidney self-healing ability and take other actions. Later, the damaged renal cells and tissues will be repaired gradually and safely.
4. Kidney transplantation
Is the kidneys of others who are implanted into the body of uremic patients by surgery to make them functional. Implanted kidneys can completely replace the kidney function, uremia therapy is the best effect, the longest cost of the lowest treatment, is currently recognized as the best uremic treatment.
Uremic diet treatment
1. Limit the protein: not washed kidney, because the kidneys can not metabolize the protein after the discharge of waste, so that the situation of uremia more serious, it will recommend to reduce protein intake; but if there is kidney Note that in the kidney will cause the loss of protein in the body, it must be with the dietitian's advice to maintain the body needs.
2. Limit the intake of sodium: salt content contains high sodium content, in the uremia body if too much sodium, will cause the body of water retention, resulting in cardiopulmonary failure and increased uremia situation. But do not use low sodium salt, due to low sodium salt containing high potassium ions.

3. Limit potassium intake: the accumulation of potassium in the body can cause muscle weakness, severe cases will cause heart rate is not complete and cause heart failure.

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